"Hangan" is the title that Yoshitsune received from the Emperor, and "Biiki" （Hiiki） means supporting."〔【出典】Hiragana Times, 2005年2月号◆【出版社】株式会社ヤック企画 〕"HT220025", "2165145"

Hougan is Yoshitsune's title.〔【出典】『青い目・黒い目』（ニカス・コペル著）◆【出版社】株式会社ヤック企画 〕"YA10-019", "2322641"

government urban planner

root for the underdog

underdog charm〔選挙やスポーツなど、劣勢と思われる方に同情が集まりより多くの応援が得られること、または人々の同情を引く要素。〕

adjudicate in

judge presiding in cases involving

It doesn't take ［You don't have to be］ a judge to

a judge presiding over

appoint someone to the federal bench

（1） From the institution of prosecution to the first trial date, the judge shall take charge of the disposition concerning detention.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） The provisions of Articles 143 to 147 inclusive, Article 149, Articles 154 to 156 inclusive, Article 165, and Article 166 of the Code of Criminal Procedure （Act No. 131 of 1948） shall apply mutatis mutandis to the procedures by which the Fair Trade Commission or hearing examiners, in the course of hearings, shall interrogate witnesses, or order expert witnesses to express expert opinion.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） A judgment shall be made by a judge who has participated in the oral argument on which the judgment is to be based.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） The judge who has been requested detention pursuant to the provision of the preceding three Articles shall have the same authority as a court or a presiding judge regarding the disposition thereof; provided, however, that this shall not apply to bail.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） A judge who receives the request set forth in the preceding two Articles shall have the same authority as a court or a presiding judge.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） In the case of the preceding Article, the judge who has issued a subpoena through delegation shall, within twenty-four hours from the time the accused is brought before him/her, examine his/her identity.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） When the measures prescribed in paragraph （1） of Article 167 are necessary in cases where a request is made for expert examination pursuant to the provision of paragraph （1） of the preceding Article, a public prosecutor, a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official shall request a judge for the measures mentioned above.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） When a suspect, who is asked for the confirmation prescribed in paragraph （3） of the preceding Article, is going to declare whether he/she will consent to be tried by a speedy trial procedure and when the accused is unable to appoint defense counsel because of indigence or other reasons, the judge shall appoint counsel for the accused upon his/her request; provided, however, that this shall not apply when defense counsel has been appointed by a person other than the accused.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） In the execution of the subpoena, the subpoena shall be shown to the accused, and the accused shall be brought to the court or the designated place directly and as soon as possible. With regard to execution of the subpoena prescribed in paragraph （4） of Article 66, the accused shall be brought to the judge who issued it.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） A subpoena or detention warrant shall, under the direction of a public prosecutor, be executed by a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official; provided, however, that in a case requiring urgency, the presiding judge, a commissioned judge or a judge of a district court, family court or summary court may direct its execution.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） A party who disagrees with a judicial decision made by an authorized judge or commissioned judge may make an objection to the court in charge of the case; provided, however, that this shall apply only where an appeal against a ruling may be filed against the judicial decision if it is made by the court in charge of the case.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） Every High Court shall conduct their judicial administration affairs, through deliberations of the Judicial Assembly, under the general supervision of the President of the High Court.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） When a judge who is a member of a collegiate panel is recused, the court to which such judge is assigned shall make the ruling. In such case, when the court is a district court or a family court, the ruling shall be made by a collegiate panel.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） A judicial decision of the disqualification of or a challenge to a judge who is a member of a panel or a single judge of a district court shall be made by an order of the court to which the judge belongs, and a judicial decision of the disqualification of or a challenge to a judge of a summary court shall be made by an order of the district court that has jurisdiction over the location of the summary court.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） Each Local Marine Accident Inquiry Agency shall conduct an inquiry through a panel consisting of 3 Judges; provided, however, that in a simple case, the Local Marine Accident Inquiry Agencies shall conduct an inquiry through a single Judge based on the request of the Investigator as provided for in the Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） In a district court, with regard to a case prescribed in the preceding Article, a panel of five judges may make an order to the effect that said panel shall conduct a trial and make a judicial decision on that case.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） If there is an urgent necessity in performing judicial proceedings in a District Court within the district over which a High Court has jurisdiction, said High Court may have a judge of another District Court or a Family Court within the said district or of the said High Court perform duties of a judge of the said District Court.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） A District Court shall, except for the cases provided in paragraph 2, handle cases through a single judge.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） FTC staff members may, when necessary to investigate a criminal case, conduct visit, search, or seizure by virtue of a warrant issued in advance by a judge of the district court or the summary court having jurisdiction over the location of the Fair Trade Commission ［Note: the Tokyo District Court and the Tokyo Summary Court］.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） In cases of conducting trial and decisions or giving judicial decisions, a Family Court shall, except for the cases provided in the next paragraph, hear cases through a single judge.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） A trial shall be conducted by a panel consisting of three or five trial examiners.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） Where there exists any circumstances of a trial examiner that might hinder fair proceedings of the trial, a party or an intervenor may recuse the trial examiner.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） Search or seizure may be commissioned to a judge of a collegiate panel, or may be delegated to a judge of the district court, family court or summary court in the district where the search or seizure is to be executed.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） Preparatory proceedings by means of documents shall be conducted by the presiding judge; provided, however, that a high court may have an authorized judge conduct the proceedings.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） The Supreme Court shall execute judicial administration affairs through deliberations of the Judicial Assembly and under the general supervision of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court,.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） The justices of the Supreme Court shall comprise the chief justice, who is called the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and other justices, who are called Justices of the Supreme Court.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） Justices of the Supreme Court shall be appointed from leaned persons with extensive knowledge of law, who are not less than forty years old. At least ten of them shall be persons who have held one or two of the positions set forth in item 1 or 2 for not less than ten years, or one or more of the positions set forth in the following items for the total period of twenty years or more.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） The Supreme Court shall designate judges who shall serve the Intellectual Property High Court.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） A panel of judges invested with the authority to hear exclusively the cases listed in Article 85 and cases listed in the preceding Article shall be established within the Tokyo High Court.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） A public prosecutor, a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official may, if necessary for investigation of an offense, conduct search, seizure or inspection upon a warrant issued by a judge. In such cases, the inspection and examination of a person shall be conducted upon a warrant for physical examination.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） When examining documentary evidence upon the request of the public prosecutor, the accused or the counsel, the presiding judge shall order the person who has made the request to read the documents out loud; provided, however, that the presiding judge may read them out himself/herself, or have an associate judge or court clerk do so.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） When examining material evidence upon the request of the public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel, the presiding judge shall order the party who has made that request to display it; provided, however, that the presiding judge may display the evidence by himself/herself, or order an associate judge or court clerk to do.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） When a public prosecutor has received a suspect referred pursuant to the provision of Article 203, he/she shall give the suspect an opportunity for explanation and shall immediately release the suspect when he/she believes that it is not necessary to detain the suspect, or shall request a judge to detain the suspect within 24 hours of receiving the suspect when he/she believes that it is necessary to detain the suspect.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） When unavoidable circumstances prevent a public prosecutor or a judicial police officer from complying with the time limitations set forth in the preceding three Articles, a public prosecutor may, showing prima facie evidence, request a judge to detain the suspect.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） The public prosecutor and the counsel may inspect and copy the documents and articles of evidence pertaining to the dispositions prescribed in paragraph （1） of the preceding Article in court; provided, however, that counsel shall receive permission from the judge to copy the articles of evidence.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） The presiding judge or a single judge who has opened the session shall maintain order in the court.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） The Japan Marine Accident Inquiry Agency shall have Judges, Investigators, Assistant Investigators and Officials.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） The Commissioner of the Patent Office shall designate one of the trial examiners designated under Article 137（1） as the chief trial examiner.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） The Commissioner of the Patent Office shall designate the trial examiners constituting a panel under Article 136（1） for each trial （for a trial that is to be examined by an examiner under Article 162, limited to the case where a report is submitted under Article 164（3））.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕

（1） Where the Commissioner of the Patent Office is commissioned by a court to provide an expert opinion on the effects of a trademark right, the Commissioner shall designate three trial examiners and have them provide such expert opinion.〔【出典】日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム 〕